A. Fls. 5-12 cm long; fr. of spheroidal to oblong-ovoid, smooth-walled pepos 4-9 cm in diameter.
56. Cucurbitaceae Juss.
Gourd Family
2005
Ref.: C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 33:347-380. 1978.
Annual, perennial, climbing, scandent to prostrate monoecious or dioecious, rarely perfect-flowered vines [rarely shrubs]; stems with watery sap, mostly angulate-sulcate, glabrous, hairy to stipitate glandular; tendrils lateral to the petioles, simple or 2-5 branched at the end of peduncle-like stalk [or absent]. Lvs. alternate, simple, petiolate, exstipulate, palmately veined, lobed or dissected, often orbicular-cordate in outline, glabrous to scabrous. Fls. radially symmetrical; stam. fls. borne in axillary, elongate racemes or panicles or solitary; pist. fls. axillary, solitary or aggregated on axillary peduncles [or borne in panicles], pedicellate; hypanthial tubes or corollas cylindrical to broadly campanulate; calyx lobes or teeth 5[-3-6], deltate to filiform or obsolete; corollas sympetalous [or polypetalous], 5[-3-6]-lobed or -parted, whitish, greenish, yellow, orange or yellow-orange, [rarely red], glabrous to glandular or scabrous outside; stamens 1-5, inserted on the hypanthial tube or on a raised disk at the hypanthial tube throat; stamens often combined into what appear to be 3 anthers, but these receiving 5 traces from the receptacle, with 1 anther being unithecal and 2 anthers bithecal, or the anther sac appearing solitary; fils. short or absent, free or connate into an apically expanded column; anthers sacs free or connate, the thecae straight or variously bent or contorted, longicidal, vertically or horizontally oriented; rudimentary ovary absent in the stam. fls.; pist. perianth similar to stam. perianth but often larger; staminodia present or absent; ovaries inferior, (1-)3[-5]-carpelled, 1-6-loculed, the placenta intruded parietal; styles 1-3[-5], terminal; stigmas globose, lobed; ovules 1 to many, horizontal, ascending to pendent. Fr. fleshy or dry, smooth to spinose, of pepos, berries or variously dehiscent capsules, [sometimes explosively dehiscent], or 1 seeded and indehiscent, sometimes winged; seeds mostly compressed; seed coat membranous to hard, smooth to tuberculate; embryo large, endosperm absent. ± 130 genera, ± 700 spp., mostly trop., subtrop. Old and New W.
Various melons and squashes are cultivated in Mex. and occasionally escape along washes but are hardly naturalized. They include: pumpkins, Cucurbita pepo L.; summer squashes, C. pepo var. melopepo Alef.; winter squash, C. maxima Duch.; watermelon or sandía, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai; muskmelon, Cucumis melo L.; and cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.
B. Lvs. rhombic-ovate to palmately divided; all fls. solitary at the nodes; fr. smooth, green with cream-white longitudinal lines.
1. Cucurbita
BB. Lvs. broadly cordate-orbicular, very shallowly lobed; stam. fls. borne in elongate axillary racemes; fr. longitudinally ribbed, solid green.
2. Apodanthera
AA. Fls. 0.3-1.5 cm long; fr. spiny, dry, or of fleshy, thin-walled, orange-red or greenish berries.
B. Lvs. strongly palmately dissected, lf. segms. 1-2(-3) mm wide; hypanthial tube narrowly tubular-campanulate; fr. of thin-, smooth-walled, orange-red berries.
3. Ibervillea
BB. Lvs. palmately, pedately lobed, or if divided the lobes 3-7 mm wide; fls. broadly and shallowly campanulate; fr. mostly spiny.
C. Pist. fls. and fr. solitary at the nodes (in ours); fr. of spiny capsules 1-4 cm long; seeds several.
D. Lvs. palmately divided into 3-5 divisions, each division narrowed to a slender base 1-2 mm wide, 1-2 cm long; anther 1, horizontally oriented, borne on edge of a peltate fil. disk.
4. Cyclanthera
DD. Lvs. 3-5-lobed, or if deeply divided the divisions not with long narrow bases; anther thecae 3-5, obliquely-vertically arranged on the fil. disk.
5. Echinopepon
CC. Pist. fls. and fr. 4-12 at the tip of an axillary peduncle; fr. indehiscent, to 7 mm long, setose-spinose or smooth, 1-seeded.
6. Sicyos
1. Cucurbita L.
Gourd, Squash, Cucurbit
Ref.: L. H. Bailey, Gentes Herbarum 6:267-322. 1943.
Perennial [to annual], trailing to twining, monoecious herbs from fibrous or tuberous roots. Lvs. petiolate, palmately veined, mostly cordate, entire to lobed or deeply cleft, pilose to scabrous; tendrils borne opposite the lvs., simple or commonly forked, sessile or borne on pedicel-like stalks. Fls. large, solitary in the lf. axils, opening in morning; hypanthia-corollas cylindrical to ± obconic; sepals 5; corollas sympetalous, yellowish, the lobes 5, ovate; stamens appearing as 3, 2 bithecal and 1 unithecal; thecae connate and folded vertically around the tip of the central fil. column; ovaries inferior, 3[-5]-carpelled and -loculed; placentation intruded parietal but twice recurved and appearing ± axile; style 1; stigmas 3, each 2-lobed. Fr. of pepos, in ours with the outer wall thin and hard, and a central fleshy mass that with age breaks away from walls [or ± fleshy throughout and edible]; seeds ovate to oblong-ovate, flattened, glabrous, white [to black]. ± 25 spp., warm temp. to trop. Am.
Lvs. rhombic-ovate, 14-30 cm long, denticulate; tendrils 5, borne at tip of an elongate, peduncle-like stalk.
Lvs. palmately cleft into 5 linear-lanceolate lobes 1.5-12 cm long; tendrils 3-5, borne directly at the node.
2. C. digitata
1. Cucurbita foetidissima HBK. [C. perennis James] Calabazilla, Buffalo-gourd
Perennial, coarse, ill-smelling trailing herbs, forming patches to 10 m in diameter; roots fusiform, large; stems 5-angled, -grooved, scabrous, strongly to weakly muricate with conical, ± recurved, pustule- to conical-based whitish hairs; tendrils 3-4(-9) cm long, borne in groups of 5 at tips of peduncle-like shoots 2-7 cm long. Petioles 2.5-10 cm long; lf. bls. erect-ascending, rhombic-ovate, rarely with 2 (or more) broad lobes near the base, 14-30 cm long, 9-23 cm wide, obtuse, rounded to acute, apiculate at the tip, cordate to ± truncate at the base, at margins entire or usually denticulate, greenish above, gray-green beneath, both surfaces scabrous with pustulate- to conical-based hairs, with the yellow veins raised beneath. Fls. 6.5-12 cm long, borne on pedicels 1.5-3 cm long; hypanthia 4-6 mm long, restricted to and continuous with the truncated corolla-tube base; sepals linear, 4-25 mm long; corolla tube cylindrical, conspicuous, ± 2.5 cm wide, greenish, ribbed outside, ± orange-yellow with moniliform hairs inside; corolla lobes 2.5-5.5 cm long, ovate, reflexed with the margins recurved; staminal column 2-3 cm long; fils. 8-12 mm long; anthers folded, ± 2 cm long; pist. fls. similar; ovary 3-loculed, 2.5-3 cm long; styles 2.5-3.5 cm long, stigmas 6, each ± 1 cm long, ± 6 mm wide, oblong, yellowish, villous, vertically oriented. Pepo spheroidal, smooth, dry, 6-7.5 cm in diameter, dull green with 9-12 cream-white, longitudinal stripes and variously mottled, yellowish when dry. Mostly depressions, grasslands, washes, roadsides etc. from Mo., Ut., Calif., s. in Mex. to D.F. throughout the CDR, but less frequent s. of Coah.; May-Nov. Being investigated for potential as a new crop (industrial starch from roots and oils from seeds).
2. Cucurbita digitata Gray Coyote melon
Perennial, trailing herbs, forming patches to 10 m wide; roots fusiform, not extensive; stems striate, grooved, sparsely white pilose to scabrous with pustule-based hairs; tendrils 3-5, borne directly at the nodes, 2-5 cm long. Petioles 1.5-10.5 cm long; lf. bls. orbicular in outline, deeply 5-cleft, -divided, often to within 5 mm of the petiole, the divisions linear-lanceolate, 1.5-12 cm long, 4-13(-20) mm wide, entire or with a few lateral teeth-lobes 1-20 mm long, the lower divisions often more toothed or lobed, divisions rounded to acute, apiculate at the tips; lf. bls. truncate to cordate at the base, dark gray-green but whitish along the main veins, scabrous with appressed hairs above, more uniformly gray-green with conical-based hairs beneath. Fls. 5.5-7 cm long; pedicels 2.5-7 cm long; hypanthial tube of stam. fls. cylindrical, 2.5-3.7 cm long, green; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2-7 mm long; corollas (above the sepals) pale yellow-orange, 3-5 cm long, the lobes ovate, 1.5-3 cm long; stamens 15-25 mm long; anthers ± 15 mm long; pist. fls. similar, the basal ovaries 13-15 mm long; styles 2-2.5 cm long. Pepos spheroidal, smooth, 6-8 cm in diameter, dry, dark green with ± 10 longitudinal gray-white stripes, variously mottled, drying yellowish. Dry sandy arroyos, clay flats; s. Calif., Ariz., N.M. s. to Son., in CDR in s. N.M. rare in trans-Pecos Tex. (se. Presidio Co.), e. Chih. s. to Cd. Camargo.
2. Apodanthera Arn.
Ref.: A. Cogniaux, Das Pflanzenreich 66:54-67. 1916.
Scandent, perennial, monoecious [or dioecious] herbs; tendrils 1-2 per node. Lvs. entire, lobed, [or 3-5-foliolate]. Fls. yellow [to white], ebracteate [or bracteate]; stam. fls. borne in racemes [or glomerules]; hypanthial tubes cylindrical, funnelform [to campanulate]; calyx lobes 5, small; corollas deeply 5 parted; anthers 3, borne separately on the hypanthial rim, sessile, with 1 anther unithecal, the other 2 bithecal [or 2-4 thecal]; pist. fls. solitary [or in glomerules], with 3, small, filiform to glandular staminodia; ovaries oblong [to obovoid], 3-5-carpelled; styles columnar, borne on an annular disk; stigmas 3-5-lobed; ovules many, horizontal. Fr. of thick-walled, ovoid pepos; seeds horizontally compressed, ovate, smooth. ± 16 spp., Arg. to n. Mex., adjacent U.S.
Apodanthera undulata Gray Melon loco
Ill-smelling perennials forming low, rounded patches 1(-3) m in diameter; stems 5(-15)-striate, mostly whitish, pilose-strigose, occasionally with conical-based hairs; tendrils 1-2, 1-3 cm long, sessile at the nodes. Petioles 2-7.5 cm long; lf. bls. broadly cordate-reniform, 3.5-12 cm long, 4-13 cm wide, shallowly 5-lobed, deeply cordate but cuneate at the petiole tip, margins denticulate at the vein endings, ± coarsely undulate-crisped with the lower lobes often infolded, dark green to grayish, sparsely appressed-strigose above, more grayish and strongly strigose beneath. Fls. opening in the morning; stam. fls. borne on ascending racemes with the peduncles-rachises 5-30 cm long and pedicels 3-10 cm long; hypanthial tubes narrowly funnelform, 2-3.5 cm long, ± villous-pubescent; sepals subulate-linear, 2-11 mm long; corollas deeply 5-lobed to near the base, the lobes ± reflexed, yellow, ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate or obovate, 25-35 mm long, 10-15 mm wide; anthers 3, separate, borne at the throat, 3.5-6 mm long, sessile; pist. fls. solitary at the axils; pedicels 2-8 cm long; ovaries narrowly ovoid, 2-3.5 mm long, 3-5-carpelled; hypanthia 9-12 mm long; sepals and corollas as in the stam. fls.; styles 2.5-3 cm long, the lobes 3-5, short, reniform, ± 3 mm long. Fr. oblong-ovoid, 6-9 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, dark green with 10 narrow, longitudinal ribs, otherwise smooth, glabrous; seeds horizontal, compressed, ovoid, 9-11 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, light brown with yellowish margins. Sandy, clay, gravelly flats, terraces, dunes, roadsides; se. Ariz., s. N.M., w. Tex. s. to Chih. Coah., n. Dgo., Zac. mostly in Larrea to mixed desert scrub; 1000-1600 m; May-Sep.
3. Ibervillea Greene
Globe-Berry
Perennial, climbing, herbaceous, dioecious vines from a tuberous root; stems slender, glabrous; tendrils unbranched. Lvs. broadly ovate, 3-5-lobed, -cleft to much dissected, glabrous to scabrous-punctate. Stam. fls. borne in axillary racemes (rarely solitary); hypanthial tubes cylindrical to ± campanulate, glabrous to ± villous; sepals 5, deltate; petals 5, distinct, puberulent to villous, oblong, emarginate to bifurcate at the tip, erose margined; stamens 3, distinct, borne at the hypanthial throat; anthers erect, 1 anther unithecal, the other 2 anthers bithecal, longicidal; pist. fls. solitary in the lf. axils, similar to the stam. fls.; staminodia absent; ovaries ± beaked below the hypanthium; styles columnar; stigmas 3; ovules many. Fr. of small, globose-ovoid, apiculate, orange-red to yellow, ± thin-walled berries; seeds obovoid with a distinct marginal band and a ± rectangular beak, surrounded by a red pulp. Maximowiczia Cogn. 1881 non Rupr. 1856. 4-5 spp., sw. U.S. s. to Oax.
Ibervillea tenuisecta (Gray) Small
[Sicydium lindheimeri Gray var. t. Gray, Maximowiczia l. var. t., Cogn., I. l. var. t., M. C. Johnst.]
Fleshy-leaved, dioecious vines, climbing within and over shrubs; stems 1-3 m long, 1-2(-3) mm in diameter, striate; tendrils 2-8 cm long. Petioles 5-25 mm long; lf. bls. reniform-cordate to ± orbicular in outline, 1.5-5(-8) cm wide and nearly as long, palmately to pedately veined and divided into 5 narrow segments 1-2(-3) mm wide, the major divisions further divided into linear lobes or teeth, mostly green, glabrous except for scattered, white pustulate, scabrous glands beneath. Stam. fls. borne in racemes, with peduncles 3-20 mm long and pedicels 2-8 mm long; hypanthia oblong-funnelform, 7-8 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, glabrous to mostly glandular-puberulent, -villous; sepals deltate, ± cupped, acute, 1.2-1.7 mm long; petals spatulate, yellow, 4-7(-10) mm long, 1.5-2.5(-4) mm wide, bifid at the tip, strongly villous to stipitate-pubescent on both surfaces, ciliate, erose; anthers 3, erect, straight, 1.5-2.5 mm long; pist. fls. solitary, borne on pedicels 5-25 mm long; ovaries glabrous, the perianth borne on a stipe ± 2 mm long; perianth as in stam. fls.; styles slightly exserted, 5-7 mm long; stigmas reflexed. Berries spheroidal to ± oblong-spheroidal, 10-15 mm in diameter, orange-red, green and striped with white when immature; mature pedicels 6-25 mm long; seeds obovoid, 5-6 mm long, ± 3.5 mm wide, light brown with a ± rectangular tip; n=11 (Condon, unpubl). Rocky to clay flats, arroyo margins; from Larrea to mixed desert scrub, thickets; se. Ariz., n. Son. to w. Tex. s. to e. Chih., Coah., Zac. to cen. S.L.P.; 700-1500 m; Feb.-Jul. Occasional plants along the Edwards Plateau have broader lf. divisions and ± larger fr. approaching I. lindheimeri (Gray) Greene, but the zone of intergradation is narrow. The two taxa are often treated at the infraspecific level, this then being I. lindheimeri Gray var. tenuisecta (Gray) M.C. Johnst.
4. Cyclanthera Schrad.
Annual [or perennial], monoecious, scandent, climbing vines; stems striate, glabrous [to puberulent]; tendrils 2-3-fid. Lvs. petiolate; lf. bls. cordate-orbicular, deeply [to shallowly] palmately to pedately lobed or divided, membranous. Stam. fls. borne in axillary racemes or panicles, pedicellate; hypanthia-corollas broadly campanulate to rotate; calyx lobes 5, subulate, borne between the corolla lobes, (4-)5(-6), separately attached to the hypanthial rim, the lobes deltate to oblong-ovate, acute; anthers appearing to be solitary, horizontally oriented, forming ring around a central, ± fimbriate, peltate fil. disk, unithecal, longicidal; pist. fls. solitary, borne at base of racemes or in the lf. axils, pedicellate; perianth as in the stam. fls.; ovaries obliquely ovoid, 1-3-locular, locules twice divided into 1-2-seeded locules; styles short; stigmas globose. Fr. oblique, ovoid, ± gibbous at the base, fleshy, exploding while still green but present in herbarium sheets in dry condition, echinate to spinose [or smooth], 1-several seeded, elastically rupturing; seeds angulate, with hard, tuberculate [or smooth] testas, bifid at the tip. ± 25-30 spp., s. U.S. to S.A.
Cyclanthera dissecta (T. & G.) Arn. & Hook.
[Discanthera d. T. & G.; C. naudiniana Cogn.]
Glabrous, climbing annuals; stems slender, 1-2(-3) mm in diameter; tendrils solitary or 2(-3), 6-15 cm long, borne at tip of peduncle-like stalks 1-2 cm long. Petioles 1-3(-5) cm long; lf. bls. cordate-orbiculate in outline, 3.5-9(-13) cm long and wide, deeply palmately, pedately divided into 3-5(-7) lance-ovate to ± rhombic lfts. or divisions; terminal lfts. lance-ovate, 2-6(-12) cm long, 7-15(-45) mm wide, acute, long-apiculate at the tip, strongly attenuate, only 1-2 mm wide for a distance of 1-2 cm at the base, the margins entire to serrate-dentate, laciniate or lobed with acute to obtuse and apiculate lateral teeth; lateral lf. divisions deeply 2-lobed or divided into a pair of lance-ovate to ovate, attenuate-tipped and narrow-based lfts. that join before their attachment to the petiole; lf. bls. deeply cordate at the base, dark green with sessile, pustulate glands beneath. Stam. fls. borne in elongate to congested racemes or panicles 2-5(-13) cm long; pedicels 1.5-3 mm long; hypanthia-corollas broadly campanulate-rotate, 3-5.5 mm in diameter, white, drying yellowish, glabrous; sepals minute; corolla lobes acute, 0.5-1.7 mm long; anther 1, horizontal, forming a ring 0.5-1.3 mm in diameter, with coarse hairs both above and below the anther; fil. peltate, broad, ± 1 mm long; pist. fls. solitary or paired in the axils or borne at the base of stam. racemes, borne on pedicels 2-5 mm long; perianth 5-7 mm wide, structured as in the stam. fls. Fr. solitary, borne on pedicels 1-2.5 cm long, obliquely ovoid, 2-2.5 cm long, 12-14 mm wide, attenuate at the tip, oblique, ± gibbous at the base, thickly covered with slender, tapering, spinose enations 2.5-5 mm long, otherwise glabrous; seeds 4-8, pendulous, compressed-obovoid, 5-6.5 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm wide, dark brown, tuberculate. Rocky moist soils; Kan., Colo., La. to Tex., Ariz. s. to Mex., C.A. with CDR collections from w. Tex., e. Chih., sw. Coah. (Sa. de Jimulco) in more mesic canyons; 1200-1800 m; Apr.-Oct.
5. Echinopepon Naud.
Ref.: K. M. Stocking, Madroño 13:84-100(-207). 1955; A.K. Monro & P. J. Stafford, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85:257-272. 1998.
Annual, climbing-trailing monoecious vines from branched taproots; stems slender, striate, glabrous to variously pubescent; tendrils 2-3[-5]-fid. Lvs. thin, cordate, entire or shallowly to deeply 5(-3-7)-lobed, petiolate. Stam. fls. borne in axillary, elongate racemes or panicles, caducous, with pedicels persistent; pist. fls. 1[or 2-3] from the base of the stam. infls.; stam. fl. hypanthia-corollas rotate to broadly campanulate; sepals small, subulate, borne ± 0.5 mm below the corolla lobe sinuses; corollas 5[-3-7]-lobed, -parted; anthers 5, connate [or free], the thecae curved [rarely straight], ± vertically oriented, forming into a globose or discoid head; fils. connate, short; pist. fls. similar to stam. fls. but ± larger; ovaries echinate, 2[-4]-carpelled, -loculed; ovules 2-6 per carpel, erect; styles erect; stigmas ± globose. Fr. ovoid, ellipsoidal, dry, ± rounded at the base, tapering to a slender terminal beak, usually irregularly dehiscent by 1-2-operculate pores, strongly spinose; seeds 4-12, ± quadrangular, compressed ovoid-oblong, strongly corrugated, dark brown-black. Echinocystis sect. Echinopepon Cogn. ± 18 spp., sw. U.S. to Mex., S.A.
Corolla lobes emarginate to bifid at the tips; lvs. usually deeply lobed; seeds with a conspicuous elliptical-rhombic depression on the flattened sides; mature fr. with spines to ± 9 mm long.
1. E. coulteri
Corolla lobes acute to ± obtuse at the tips; lvs. mostly shallowly lobed; seeds strongly rugose but not marked with an elliptical depression on the sides; mature fr. with spines to 15(-32) mm long.
2. E. wrightii
1. Echinopepon coulteri (Gray) Rose [Elaterium c. Gray, Echinocystis c., Cogn.; E. confusus Rose; E. nelsoni Rose; E. parvifolius Rose]
Climbing vines to 3 m long; stems angulate, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; tendrils 3, 6-10 cm long, borne on peduncle-like stalks 1.5-4 cm long. Petioles 2-5(-7) cm long, pubescent-hirsute; lf. bls. cordate-orbicular, 3-5(-7) cm long and wide, deeply or sometimes shallowly 3-5-lobed; lobes obtuse to acuminate, apiculate at the tips, at margins entire to sinuate-denticulate with apiculate teeth; lf. bls. broadly cordate at the base, sparsely hispid mostly along the veins on both surfaces. Stam. fls. borne in pubescent racemes 5-14 cm long with pedicels 9-12 mm long, solitary or aggregated, persistent; perianth broadly campanulate-rotate, 10-12 mm in diameter, whitish, thin; calyx lobes filiform, 0.4-1 mm long; corolla lobes oblong-deltate to 5 mm long, obtuse to mostly distinctly emarginate at tip, glabrous or pubescent outside; anther cluster subglobose, ± 1 mm in diameter, vertically grooved; fils. to 1.5 mm long; pist. fls. 8-12 mm in diameter; corolla lobes 5-6 mm long, otherwise as in the stam. fls.; styles 1.2-1.5 mm long; stigmas globose, 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter, puberulent. Fr. borne on pedicels 1-2.5 cm long, obovoid; fr. body 2-3 cm long (excluding the beak and spines), to 1.2 cm in diameter, beak 5-8 mm long, spines 2.5-9 mm long, all parts sparsely pubescent-pilose and stipitate-glandular; seeds oblong-obovate, ± compressed, 4-4.7 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, coarsely rugose with elliptical-rhomboid depressions ± 1 mm long on the sides, brownish. Mesic canyons, hillsides; s. N.M. to Chih., Dgo., Hgo. s. to Oax., with CDR specimens from s. N.M.
2. Echinopepon wrightii (Gray) Wats. [Elaterium w. Gray, Echinocystis w., Cogn.]
Climbing vines to 5 m long; stems striate, 1-2.5 mm in diameter, glandular pubescent; tendrils 2-3, 4-12 cm long, borne on peduncle-like stalks 2-5 cm long. Petioles 2-5 cm long, glandular-pubescent; lf. bls. broadly cordate to orbicular, 3-9(-12) cm long and wide, shallowly 5-lobed, acute to acuminate at the tip, lateral lobes obtuse to acute, mostly apiculate, margins entire or ± denticulate; lf. bls. broadly cordate at the base, hispid with scattered, erect, thick-based hairs on both surfaces. Stam. fls. in glandular-pubescent racemes 6-20(-30) cm long, these sometimes branched at the base and ± paniculate; pedicels 3-20 mm long, scattered or aggregated, glandular-pubescent, flexuous, persistent; stam. fls. with the perianth broadly campanulate, 6-9 mm in diameter, whitish; sepals subulate, 0.2-0.5 mm long; corolla lobes deltate, 3-4 mm long, obtuse, glandular; anthers borne in subglobose heads 1-1.5 mm in diameter; fils. 1.5 mm long; pist. fls. 9-11 in diameter, otherwise as in stam. fls., with styles 1 mm long; stigmas globose, 0.7-1.5 mm in diameter Fr. borne on pedicels 1-2.5 cm long, ovoid to obovoid-cylindrical, body (excluding the beak and spines) 2-3[-4] cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide; beak 1-1.5 cm long; spines 3-15[-30] mm long, all parts slightly to strongly villous or glandular villous; seeds oblong-obovoid, ± compressed, 5-7 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, strongly rugose, brownish. Mesic canyons etc.; se. Ariz., s. N.M. to w. Tex. s. to Son., Sin.; not common in CDR, reported from near El Paso in s.-cen. N.M., but no CDR specimens have been seen. 1000-2300 m.
Echinopepon lobata (Michx.) T. & G.
With mostly 6 lobed corollas, large, spinose, 4-6-seeded, ovoid fr. 4-5 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, is reported from trans-Pecos Tex. in Correll and Johnston (1970) but no CDR specimens have been seen.
6. Sicyos L.
One-seeded Bur-cucumber
Ref.: A. Cogniaux in A. L. DeCandolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3:689-899. 1881.
Annual, monoecious, climbing to trailing vines; stems slender, striate-sulcate, glabrous to variously pubescent to hirsute with uniseriate, multicellular, thin- to thick-walled hairs; tendrils 2-5-fid. Lvs. petiolate, membranous, mostly cordate-orbicular to ovate, shallowly to deeply palmately 3-7-lobed or -divided, glabrous to pubescent or hirsute. Stam. fls. borne on elongate or short, glabrous, villous or glandular, axillary racemes [or panicles]; pist. fls. borne at the base of the stam. infls., aggregated in short umbels at the tip of short peduncles; pedicels short; stam. perianth broadly campanulate to cupulate, white to cream-white; calyx lobes 5, subulate, borne ± 0.5 mm below corolla-lobe sinuses; corolla lobes 5, deltate-ovate; stamens 3, anthers folded or reflexed on a globose head terminating the connate fils.; pist. fls. similar with staminodia absent; ovaries ovoid, acute to acuminate at the tips, setose-spinose or glabrous, 2-3-carpelled, each 1-locular; styles short; stigmas 2-3, papillate; ovules 1, pendulous. Fr. pericarp dry, firm, spinose-setose, pubescent or glabrous, smooth or tuberculate, indehiscent; seeds single, filling locule, smooth with a pair of annular ridges at the distal end. ± 22 spp., mostly N.A., S.A. and Haw.
A. Ovaries and fr. with setose spines 2-4 mm long.
B. Lowermost lateral lf. veins bordering the basal lf.-sinus margins only near the midrib, these diverging from the margins by 2-4 mm or more where the lateral veins diverge.
BB. Ovaries and fr. glabrous, without setae or spines.
AA. Ovaries and fr. glabrous, without setae or spines.
3. S. glaber
1. Sicyos laciniatus L. [S. vitifolius Willd.; S. ampelophyllus Woot. & Standl.; S. l. var. subintegra Cogn.]
Climbing annual vines to 5 m long; stems usually glandular-puberulent with transparent-walled hairs to 2 mm long, or glabrous except at the nodes; tendrils 3-4, to 8 cm long, terminating peduncle-like stalks 1-4 cm long. Petioles (1-)5-13 cm long, striate, usually strongly glandular-pubescent; lf. bls. broadly cordate-orbicular to reniform, (3-)8-13 cm long and wide or wider, shallowly 3-5-toothed or -lobed usually less than half-way to the petiole and the lobes broadly toothed and strongly sinuate-denticulate at the margins; bls. broadly cordate at the base, basal lf. sinus mostly rounded or obcordate, basal lf. veins closely paralleling the basal sinus margins for 1-2 cm until the 2-3 lateral, secondary veins diverge from the marginal vein; lf. bls. green, scabrous with thick-walled, often pustulate-based hairs above, more pallid, more densely scabrous particularly along the veins beneath. Stam. fls. borne in short, few-flowered racemes 1-4(-10) cm long, mostly shorter than the adjacent petioles; peduncles strongly glandular-villous like the petioles; pedicels 1.5-3(-7) mm long; perianths campanulate, 4.5-8 mm wide, white, drying yellowish; calyx lobes filiform, 0.5-1 mm long; corolla lobes ovate, 2-3 mm long; anther-heads to 1.7 mm wide; fils. ± 1 mm long; pist. fls. 5-14 per group; perianth 1.5-2 mm wide. Fr. clusters borne on peduncles 8-10 mm long; fr. ovoid, 4-6(-7) mm long, 3-4 mm wide, obtuse to acute at the tip, spines moderate in number, yellowish, 1.5-3.5 mm long, barbellate; pericarp ± glabrate; seeds ovoid, not much compressed. Mesic canyons, washes, mostly in montane, rocky habitats; s. Ariz., N.M., recorded from trans-Pecos Tex. (no specimens seen), s. to e. Chih., mts. of Coah., Dgo., Zac. s. to Chis.; 1600-3000 m, Apr.-Sep. Lvs. vary from moderate to deeply lobed (S. l. var. laciniatus) to only slightly toothed or slightly lobed (S. l. var. subintegra Cogn.), our more common form, but their formal recognition seems unwarranted.
2. Sicyos microphyllus HBK. [S. deppei G. Don; S. laciniatus auct. non L.]
Climbing annual vines 4-6(-12) m long; stems glabrous to glabrate, more glandular-villous to hispidulous towards the nodes; tendrils 3-4, 5-8 cm long, borne on peduncle-like stalks 1-4 cm long. Petioles 3-8 cm long, hispidulous or with thick-walled, pustulate-based hairs and gland-tipped, thin-walled hairs; lf. bls. broadly orbicular-reniform in outline, 6-15(-20) cm long and wide, shallowly to deeply 3-5-lobed, the lobes triangular or when deeper, more rhombic in outline, acute, attenuate, apiculate at tips, lf. bases with rounded to acute sinuses, the lowermost lateral veins not remaining close to the margin beyond ± 5 mm from the midvein petiole; lf. bls. green, scabrous, with sparse, thick-walled, pustulate-based hairs above, more pallid and more densely scabrous beneath. Stam. fls. borne in axillary racemes mostly longer than adjacent petioles at anthesis; peduncles 6-15(-30) cm long, strongly glandular-villous and hirsute; pedicels 3-8(-12) mm long, also glandular-villous; perianth broadly campanulate, (6-)8-14 mm wide, greenish yellow; calyx lobes filiform, 0.7-1.5 mm long; corolla lobes ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 mm long; anther heads 1.5-2 mm wide; fils. connate, 1-2.5 mm long, villous; pist. fls. 5-15 per group; perianths 4-5 mm wide; corolla lobes 2-2.3 mm long. Fr. borne on peduncles 8-30 mm long, ovoid, ± terete, acute, (4-)5-8 mm long, 3-5.5 mm wide, the setose spines moderate in number, yellow, 2-4 mm long, minutely barbellate, pericarp also ± villous with thin-walled hairs to glabrate; seeds slightly compressed. Mostly mesic montane habitats; trans-Pecos Tex. (Davis, Chisos mts.), N.M., se. Ariz. s. to Zac., Ver., Mex., Micho., 1700-3300 m, Apr.-Oct.
3. Sicyos glaber Woot.
Annual climbing vines to 4-6 m long; stems glabrous to lightly hispid and ± villous at the nodes; tendrils 2-4, 3-6 cm long, borne on peduncle-like stalks 1-3.5 cm long. Petioles 1-4 cm long, hispid; lf. bls. broadly cordate-orbicular to ovate in outline, 2-8(-12) cm long and nearly as wide, 3[-5]-lobed to about half way to the base, the lobes broadly triangular, the terminal lobe acute to acuminate at the tip, the margins straight, usually denticulate-apiculate, the lateral lobes more obtuse to rounded, basal lf. sinus usually rounded-orbicular to acute; lf. bls. thin, green, scabrous above, more pallid and more scabrous particularly along the veins beneath. Stam. fls. borne in racemes 3-8(-20) cm long; peduncles glandular-villous, striate; pedicels 1-3.5 mm long; perianth broadly campanulate, 4-8 mm in diameter; corolla lobes ovate-deltate, whitish, 1.5-2.5 mm long; anther heads 1-2 mm wide; fils. 1.5 mm long; pist. fls. borne in clusters of 4-12; perianths 4-5 mm wide. Fr. borne on peduncles 5-8 mm long, ovoid, 4-5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, acute, somewhat compressed, pilose to glabrate, without spines or tubercles. Fr. often hidden by the subtending, folded lvs. Mesic canyons in mts. of se. N.M., trans-Pecos Tex. (Guadalupe and Chisos mts.), 1600-2200 m, Aug.-Sep.